Value chain · CLM-0910
In plain terms
The problem of not knowing which wave crest you are looking at is solved by sending a second tone at a slightly different frequency. The beat between them repeats only every fifteen metres instead of every six centimetres, which is more than enough to tell the crests apart. Measuring the structure directly would also work, and needs about two hundred picoseconds rather than the ten that would be needed to do the whole job.
The claim as recorded
The phase ambiguity of CLM-0908 is resolved by frequency diversity rather than by geometry. Two pilot tones separated by df give a synthetic wavelength c/df: 15.0 m at 20 MHz separation, 299.8 m at 1 MHz. Resolving the half-wavelength ambiguity from a 15 m synthetic wavelength requires each tone's phase to about 1.5 degrees. Separately, metrology that resolves the ambiguity rather than replacing the pilot needs position to 61 mm, a 204 ps time of flight, rather than the 2.955 mm and 10 ps it would need to supplant the pilot - about twenty times easier, and the same division of labour GNSS uses between code and carrier phase.
Evidence behind this: T0-derivation for the synthetic-wavelength arithmetic; the 1980 multi-tone proposal is a source statement obtained second-hand.
Scope and limits
CHAN 1980 IS HELD AS SRC-446 SINCE 2026-09-25. Its pages are an OCR scan whose text layer drops digits, so the multi-tone figures in support were read on page renders, not from the text layer. Chan proposes multi-tone pilots for IONOSPHERIC DISPERSION, not for ambiguity resolution, and this record does not claim that source anticipated this use - only that the same hardware serves both. No source obtained states that CASSIOPeiA uses a multi-tone pilot; SRC-001's breadboard uses a single tone at 2.476 GHz. DRAFT LETTER LABEL RESOLVED 2026-09-14. The reference above was written with the author's working label from before these records had numbers, and it survived because it matched no register grammar, so no reference check caught it. THE MAP CAME FROM THE AUTHOR AND WAS CHECKED AGAINST THE TARGET RECORD'S OWN CONTENT BEFORE USE, not taken on the map alone - four references in this same batch were found the same day pointing at a real record that answered a different question, and that failure resolves and renders where a letter label does not.
What it assumes
That both tones traverse the same path, which they do to the extent the medium is not dispersive over df - the same assumption Chan's dispersion analysis examines from the other direction.
Where it comes from
This is the project's own working, shown in full:
CALC-102. Synthetic wavelength c/df; required fractional phase precision (lambda/2)/(c/df). SRC-446 (Chan 1980) proposes two-, three- and four-tone pilots, with residual phase errors at a 50 MHz offset and 5 x 10^17 electrons/m2 of about 4 degrees for the symmetric two-tone pilot (PDF 10 [printed 5]), 8 for the one-sided two-tone (PDF 12 [7]), 0.5 for three tones (PDF 13 [8]) and 0.04 for four (PDF 14 [9]).
Basis: metres (synthetic wavelength); degrees (phase precision per tone)
Related records
- Answers question
- QST-013 not published in this release
Cite this
energyaperture.com/c/clm-0910
CLM-0910, Energy Aperture, as of 2026-09-13.
Connected records
Other published records linked to this one. A list, not a judgement.