Energy Aperture

Value chain · CLM-0867

In plain terms

The 1978 report states a peak beam intensity, a collection efficiency and a total radiated power. Those three numbers cannot all be right together: they imply a beam about 5 to 7 per cent more sharply peaked than the antenna design described in the same report can produce.

The claim as recorded

SRC-085's three headline downlink numbers over-determine the aperture and are mutually inconsistent by 5 to 7 per cent. Its stated 230 W/m2 peak, 88 per cent collection efficiency and 6.72 GW radiated power imply a peak-to-mean ratio inside 5 km of 3.0547, or 3.0204 using the 89 per cent its own efficiency chains give, while the 10 dB illumination taper the source specifies over a 1 km aperture gives 2.8663 for the stepped taper actually designed and 2.8719 for a continuous one.

T0 own calculation · medium confidence · as of 2026-09-06 · VER-1092 CONFIRMED 2026-09-06 · VC06

Evidence behind this: T0-calculation. The ratio of peak power density to mean power density inside 5 km is computed from SRC-085's own three headline numbers and compared against the same ratio computed from the illumination taper the source specifies. Arithmetic at CALC-086.

Scope and limits

This is a finding about SRC-085's internal consistency, NOT about the model and NOT a correction to any of the three numbers individually. The calculation cannot say which of the three is wrong, only that they do not hang together. Its value is that it removes the error budget from the argument: a uniform error factor cancels out of a peak-to-mean ratio, so the discrepancy cannot be reconciled by any assumption about losses, which is what makes it different from the peak-value disagreement recorded elsewhere. Depends on reading the source's taper as 10 dB over a 1 km aperture, which the source specifies. THE MAGNITUDE IS CONDITIONAL ON A FRAME ASSUMPTION WORTH MORE THAN THE FINDING, established by VER-1092. Peak-to-mean cancels a uniform error factor exactly, which is what this claim rests on and which verification confirmed algebraically - but it is NOT invariant to the frame. SRC-085's Figure 18 labels its x axis "Ground radius, m" and plots power density at the rectenna, so both the 23 mW/cm2 and the 5 km are GROUND quantities, while the formula divides by pi*5000^2, the area of a CIRCLE. An inclined GEO beam lands as an ELLIPSE filling pi*a*b, and the ratio scales by exactly b/a: 3.0547 becomes 3.6656 at an axis ratio of 1.2, 3.9711 at 1.3 and 4.2766 at 1.4. A frame mix is therefore worth about 30 per cent against a 5 to 7 per cent finding. The DIRECTION survives and is strengthened - the source's numbers become MORE over-determined, not less - but the 5 to 7 per cent must not be quoted as a magnitude without the frame settled. That is the same beam-normal ambiguity the register already carries unresolved against CLM-0020. The verifier did not check SRC-085's own rectenna axis ratio, so the figures above are a SENSITIVITY, not a correction. Closed 2026-09-19: p.138 makes the beam circular and only the footprint elliptical, and the axis label is exact along the east-west axis, so the b/a sensitivity does not apply (CLM-1092).

What it assumes

That the 5 km radius, the 230 W/m2 peak, the collection efficiency and the radiated power all refer to the same design point and the same beam. AND, ADDED BY VERIFICATION 2026-09-06, THAT THE STATED PEAK AND THE 5 km ARE IN THE SAME FRAME, AND THAT THE REGION HOLDING THE STATED COLLECTION EFFICIENCY IS CIRCULAR IN THAT FRAME. Neither was stated and the second is probably false. SIZED 2026-09-06, because an assumption recorded without its magnitude does not tell a reader whether it could reverse the finding: a ground ellipse scales the ratio by b/a, worth about 30 per cent at the reference geometry against a 5 to 7 per cent result. So this assumption does not merely widen the uncertainty, it could invert the conclusion, and the finding should not be cited without it.

Where it comes from

SRC-085 Satellite Power System (SPS) Concept Development and Evaluation Program - Reference System...

This is the project's own working, shown in full:

CALC-086 Two scale-free ratios on SRC-085's Figure 18
peak / mean(inside 5 km) = S0 / [f * P / (pi * 5000^2)]. From the source's own figures: 230 W/m2 with 88 per cent and 6.72 GW gives 3.0547; with 89 per cent, 3.0204. From the source's specified illumination: 10-step taper 2.8663, continuous 10 dB Gaussian 2.8719.

Basis: dimensionless ratio (peak power density to mean inside 5 km)

Related records
Answers question
QST-001 not published in this release

Cite this

energyaperture.com/c/clm-0867

CLM-0867, Energy Aperture, as of 2026-09-06.

Connected records

Other published records linked to this one. A list, not a judgement.

Also from SRC-085
CLM-0013The paper that modern UK studies rely on for the beam figure calls anything below 1 kilowatt per square metre safe, with 230 watts per...
CLM-0020The original 1978 design set the beam at 230 watts per square metre in the middle of the receiving site, about one twenty-third of that at...
CLM-0023In the 1978 reference design, two limits set the size of the transmitter and the receiving site: how much heat the transmitter can shed...
CLM-0039The 1978 report set the figure to protect radio and navigation systems from a disturbed ionosphere, called the number theoretical and...
CLM-0045The apparent conflict between 12 and 23 was not an error. The underlying study gave a range, and the figure adopted sits near the top of it.
CLM-0101The 1978 contract required the researchers to report fixes if ionospheric disturbance pushed the pilot-beam phase error past 2 to 3...
CLM-0137In four major space solar power studies from 1978 to 2007, none put a number on how much of the beam's energy would be lost if the beam...
CLM-0138The original 1978 government design for beaming power down from space adds up all the expected energy losses to get 63% overall efficiency...
More on the source page.