Energy Aperture

Value chain · CLM-0854

In plain terms

The IPCC's fifth assessment gives typical whole-life carbon figures per unit of electricity of about 820 grams for coal, 490 for gas, 12 for nuclear, 24 for hydro, 27 for concentrated solar, 41 to 48 for solar panels and 11 to 12 for wind.

The claim as recorded

IPCC AR5 Working Group III Annex III Table A.III.2 gives median lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions in gCO2eq/kWh, under a column headed "Lifecycle emissions (incl. albedo effect)", of 820 for pulverised coal, 490 for gas combined cycle, 12 for nuclear, 24 for hydropower, 27 for concentrated solar power, 41 for rooftop photovoltaics, 48 for utility-scale photovoltaics, 11 for onshore wind and 12 for offshore wind.

Scope and limits

These are 2014 medians and the underlying literature is older still, so they are NOT current figures for technologies whose emissions intensity has fallen since, particularly photovoltaics. The column explicitly includes infrastructure, supply-chain emissions and the albedo effect, which is a wider boundary than some other compilations use, so it is not automatically like for like with any other comparator set. The full literature basis sits in AR5 Annex II section A.II.9.3, which was not retrieved. AR6 Working Group III does NOT restate this table: its own Annex III is "Scenarios and Modelling Methods", a different document, and its Chapter 6 discusses lifecycle emissions per technology in prose citing different studies rather than in a consolidated table; that was checked directly against Chapter 6's contents and its solar subsection at pp.630-633, though not every technology subsection was checked exhaustively.

What it assumes

No assumptions are recorded against this claim.

Where it comes from

SRC-217 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group III, Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and...
Table A.III.2, median column, under the header "Lifecycle emissions (incl. albedo effect)". Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf, HTTP 200, 757 KB, 2026-09-04.
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Answers question
QST-008 not published in this release

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energyaperture.com/c/clm-0854

CLM-0854, Energy Aperture, as of 2014.